My College Books

Projections Of Line Most Important Diagram The most important diagram showing graphical relations among all important parameters of this topic. Study and memorize it. And use in solving various problems. True length (TL)-a'b,'& ab Angle of TL with hp- θ Angle of TL with VP- Ø Angle of FV with XY- α Angle of TV with XY - β  LTV (length of FV)-component (a-1) LFV (length of TV)- component (a'-1') Position of A- distances of a & a' from XY Position of B-distances of b & b' from XY Distance between end projectors Note this θ & α construct with a' Ø & β construct with a b' & b 1 '  on the locus. b & b 1  on the same locus. also remember True length is never rotated. its horizontal component is drawn & it is further rotated to locate the view. Views are always rotated, made horizontal & further extended to locate TL,θ & Ø Please write comments if you find anything incorrect and if you h...

APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES OF PROJECTIONS LINES IN SOLVING CASE OF DIFFERENT PRACTICAL SITUATIONS.   In these types of problems some situation in the filed   Or some object will be described. its relation with Ground (HP) And a wall or some vertical object (VP) will be given. Indirectly information regarding FV & TV of some line or lines, inclined to both reference planes will be given And you are supposed to draw its projections and further to determine its true length and its inclinations with the ground. Here various problems along with actual pictures of those situations are given for you to understand those clearly. Now looking for views in given ARROW directions, You are supposed to draw projections & find answers, of course, you must visualize the situation properly. *image is given to you in question. 1 ] Two objects, a flower (A) and an orange (B) are within a rectangular compound wall, whose P & Q are walls meeting at 90 º . Flower A is 1 M & 5.5 M from wal...

Cases Of Line In A.V.P And A.I.P & Profile Plane inclination of AIP with HP = inclination of FV with XY line   Line AB is in AIP as shown in above figure no 1. its FV  (a'b') is shown projected on Vp. (looking in the arrow direction)                                                                                                                                                                        Here one can see that the inclination of AIP with HP = inclination of FV with XY line inclination of AVP with VP = inclination of TV with XY line Line AB is in AVP as shown in above figure no  2... Its TV (a b ) is shown projected on Hp. (Looking in arrow direction ) Here one can clearly see that the inclination of AVP with VP = inclination of TV with XY line   LINE IN A PROFILE PLANE  ( MEANS IN A PLANE PERPENDICULAR TO BOTH HO & VP ) Results:- TV & FV both are vertical, hence arrive on one single projector. Its side View shows True Length ( TL ) Some of its inc...

Problems involving traces of the line TRACES OF THE LINE: These are the points of intersection of A-line (or it's extension) with respective reference planes. A line itself or its extension. Where ever touches H.P. that point is called the trace of the line on H.P. (It is called H.T) Similarly, A-line itself or its extension, where ever touches V.P., that point is called the trace of the line on V.P.(It is called V.T.) V.T. :  it is a point on VP. Hence it is called FV of a point in VP. Hence it's TV comes On the XY line. (Here onward named as V) H.T. :  It is a point on HP. Hence it is called TV of a point in HP. Hence it's FV comes on the XY line. (Here onward named as 'h') Steps To Locate HT. (when projections are given.) Begin with FV. Extend FV up to the XY line. Name this point h' (as it is an FV of a point in HP) Draw one projector from h'. Now extend the TV to meet this projector. This point is HT Steps To Locate VT. (When projections are...

Projections Of Straight Lines Important terns to draw projections of straight lines Information regarding a line is...it's length, The position of Its ends with HP and VP, Its inclinations with HP and VP will be given. To draw its projections means FV and TV. Simple cases of the line Line perpendicular to HP and parallel to VP ( A vertical line ) Line parallel to both HP and VP. Line inclined to HP and parallel to VP. Line inclined to VP and parallel to HP. Line inclined to both HP and VP. 1 ] Line perpendicular to HP and || to VP ( A vertical line ) note: Fv is a vertical line Showing True Length & Tv is a point.   2 ] Line parallel to both HP and VP note: Fv & Tv both are parallel to XY  & both show TL ( true length). 3 ] Line inclined to HP and parallel to VP. note: Fv inclined to XY & Tv parallel to XY. 4 ] Line inclined to VP and parallel to HP. note: Tv inclined to XY & Fv parallel to XY. 5 ] Line inclined to both HP and VP. note: Fv a...

General Case of the line inclined to both HP & VP. ( BASED ON 10 PARAMETERS ) PROBLEM 1: Line AB is 75 mm long and it is 30 . & 40 . inclined to Hp & VP respectively. End AA is 12 mm above hp and 10 mm in front of VP. Draw projections. The line is in 1 st quadrant. SOLUTION STEP: Draw XY line and one projector. Locate a , 12 mm above XY line &a 10 mm below XY line Take 30 . angles from a , & 40 . from a and mark TL i.e. 75 mm on both lines. Name those points b 1 , and b 1 respectively. Join both points with a , and a resp. Draw horizontal lines (Locus) from both points. Draw horizontal component of TL a b 1  from point b 1 and name it 1.(the length a-1 gives the length of FV as we have seen already) Extend it up to locus of a' and rotating and as center locate b' as shown. join a' b' as FV. From b' drop a projector downward & get point b 1 to join a & b PROBLEM 2: Line AB 75 mm long makes 45 . inclinat...