Chapter word formation | Question asked in GTU Examination English(3110002)
Question asked in GTU Examination
subject: English(3110002)
chapter: word formation (winter 2018)
Q.explain clipping word-formation process and compare its type by giving examples.[03]
Ans:
Clipping: Clipping is the word-formation process in which is reduced or shorted without changing the meaning of the word. or it's process of forming a new word by clipping off part of an existing word.
Types of clipping:
Clipping comes in four basic varieties:
1.back Clipping: Back clipping is to take away the end of a word. like exam from examination.
examples: Ad form Advertisement, memo from memorandum. gym from gymnasium.math form mathematics, lab from laboratory.
2.Fore Clipping: fore-clipping is to remove the beginning of a word. like gator from alligator.
examples: varsity from university, phone from telephone.
3.Middle Clipping: Middle clipping is to retain only the middle of a word. like flu from influenza.
examples: shrink from headshrinker, tec from detective.
4.Complex Clipping: complex clipping is to remove multiple words. like sitcom from situation comedy.
examples:org-man from organization man, cablegram from cable telegram.
Q.Differentiate between word-formation processes of Compounding and Blending with examples.[04]
Ans:
Compounding:
- it is a word-formation process in which two or more words are joined together to from a new word. They are called compounds or compound words.
- the meaning of a compounds is not always the sum of the meaning of its parts.
- In compounding we join two or more words without clip or delete the part of word.
- Examples:Home + Work =homework, Break + up = breakup, face + book = Facebook.
Blending:
- it is a word-formation process in which parts of two or more words combine to create a new word.
- the meaning of the blending word is often a combination of the original words.
- in blending we join two or more words with clipping or delete the part of word.
- Examples: biographical + picture =biopic, smoke+ fog =smog, breakfast + lunch =brunch
Q.Define the following terms with examples [03]
1.Derivation. 2.Borrowings.
Ans:
1.Derivation: Derivation is the word-formation process in which a derivational affix attaches to the base from of a word to create a new word.
affixes, which include prefixes and suffixes, are bound morphemes. Bound morphemes, unlike free morphemes, cannot stand alone but must attach to another morpheme such as a word.
Examples:
Prefixes:
prefixes -meaning-examples:(write as per requirement)
a- – without, not (asocial)
co- – together(Cooperation,Coordination)
de- – opposite, negative, removal, separation(demotivate,)
dis- –opposite, negative(disobey,dislike,disagreeable)
en- – cause to be(encourage,encase)
ex- – former, previous, from(extract,ex-president,exhale)
in- – negative, not(inconsiderate,invisible)
non- – absence, not(non-aggressive,nonsense)
re- – again, repeatedly(refresh,reload,return)
un- – negative, not, opposite, reversal(unfinished,ungrateful)
Suffixes:
Suffixes -meaning-examples:(write as per requirement)
-able – sense of being(movable,flexible)
-er – agent(driver,writer,manager)
-ful – characterized by(helpful,useful)
-ify – make, become, cause to be(identify,clarify)
-ism – action or practice, state or condition(capitalism,optimism)
-less – lack of(unless,hopeless,careless)
-ly – like(daily,monthly,friendly)
-ology – study, science(biology,zoology)
-ship – condition, character, skill(friendship,membership,relationship)
-y – characterized by, inclination, condition(sleepy,rainy)
2.Borrowing:
This refer to the words adopted from other languages is English language. There are two types of borrowings:
1.loan-word: By this process a word is borrowed from another language without translation it into the target language.for example: the phrase tour-de-force is borrowed directly from french, which means a masterly or brilliant feat.
Other examples:
chow mean -Chinese, yo-yo Tagalog, pizza-Italian, murder-French, near-Sanskrit...
2.loan-translation: Also known as Calque, a morphological process wherein a word or phrase from another language is borrowed by literally translating into the target language.
for example: the phase "point of view " has been translated into English from the French phase "point de vue".
or
Calquing is the word-formation process in which a borrowed word or phrase is translated from one language to another. For example, the following common English words are calqued from foreign languages:
Other examples:(write as per requirement)
beer garden – German – Biergarten
blue-blood – Spanish – sangre azul
commonplace – Latin – locus commūnis
flea market – French – marché aux puces
free verse – French – vers libre
loanword – German – Lehnwort
long time no see – Chinese – hǎo jiǔ bu jiàn
pineapple – Dutch – pijnappel
scapegoat – Hebrew – ez ozel
wisdom tooth – Latin – dēns sapientiae
Q.Identify the word-formation process by which the following words are created.[03]
1.VIP
2.Motel
3.Happiness
Ans:
1.VIP-An abbreviation(very important person)
2.Motel-Blending(motor + hotel)
3.Happiness-Derivation(-ness as a suffixes)
Q.Give antonyms of: a. asleep, b. gloomy. [02]
1. asleep = awake.
2. gloomy = happy.
Q.Give synonyms of: a. Eager, b. touchy. [02]
Ans:
1. Eager = keen
2. touchy = sensitive
Q.Turn the following words into Adjectives.[03]
a.Gold
b.Classify
c.Skill
Ans:
a. gold = golden.
b. classify = classified.
c. skill = skill-less,skillful.
chapter: word formation (summer 2019)
Q.What is the importance of vocabulary Building? state your reasons in brief with examples.[03]
Ans:
A robust vocabulary improves all areas of communication — listening, speaking, reading and writing. Vocabulary growth is directly related to achievement and also for communication and thinking process.it's also important for higher study and understanding concepts and theory.
Vocabulary represents one of most important skills necessary for teaching and learning a foreign language. It is the basis for the development of all the other skills: reading comprehension, listening comprehension, speaking, writing, spelling and pronunciation.
Vocabulary is the main tool for the students in their attempt to use English effectively. When confronted with a native English speaker, when watching a movie without subtitle or when listening to a favorite English song, when reading a text or when writing a letter to a friend, students will always need to operate with words.
In what follows, the focus of this introductory chapter will be on why vocabulary is important, on what makes words difficult, on the main reasons for which students often forget the words they learn and on some techniques which help them remember the vocabulary.
Q.Define " Compounding" & "Clipping" and give 2 examples of each.[04]
Ans:
Compounding:
it is a word-formation process in which two or more words are joined together to from a new word. They are called compounds or compound words.
Examples:
Home(n) + Work(n) =homework,
High(Ad) + Light(v) = highlight,
Black(Ad)+ board(n) = Blackboard.
Clipping:
Clipping is the word-formation process in which is reduced or shorted without changing the meaning of the word. or it's process of forming a new word by clipping off part of an existing word.
Examples:
Ad form Advertisement,
math form mathematics,
lab from laboratory,
phone from telephone,
org-man from organization man.
flu from influenza.
Q.Tabulate the following terms/words in the four relevant columns of Suffix,Prefix,Abbreviations and Acronyms [07]
1.VIRUS 2.Eng 3.dishonest 4.happiness 5.disable 6.Dr. 7.e.g 8.impure 9.portable 10.dept 11.UNICEF 12.biography 13.WHO 14.govt.
Ans:
Suffix: happiness, portable.
Prefix: dishonest, disable, impure, biography.
Abbreviations: Eng, Dr., e.g, dept, govt.
Acronyms: VIRUS, UNICEF, WHO.