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  The principles Of  Projections of solids. Section Of Solids. Development. Intersections. Sectioning a solid An object (here solid) is cut by some imaginary cutting plane to understand the internal details of that object. The action of cutting is called Sectioning a solid & The plane of cutting is called Section plane. Two cutting actions means section planes are recommended. Section Plane Perpendicular To Vp And Inclined To Hp. (This Is a Definition Of An Aux. Inclined Plane i.e. A.I.P.) Note:- This Section Plane Appears as a Straight Line In FV. Section Plane Perpendicular To Hp And Inclined To Vp. ( This Is a Definition Of an Aux. Vertical plane i.e. A.V.P.) Note:- This Section Plane Appears as a Straight Line In TV. Remember:- After Launching a Section Plane Either In FV or TV, The Part Towards Observer Is Assumed To Be Removed. As Far As Possible the Smaller Part  Is Assumed To Be Removed. Illustration Showing Important Terms In sectioning. Typical Section Planes ...

Introduction Of Solids Solids: To understand and remember various solids in this subject properly, Those are classified & arranged in the two major groups. Dimensional parameter of different solids:     Steps to solve problems in solids Problem is solved in three steps: Step 1: Assume solid standing on the plane with which it is making inclination. (If it is inclined to HP, Assume it standing on HP) (If it is inclined to VP, Assume it standing on VP) If standing on HP its TV will be true shape of its base or top. If standing on VP its FV will be true shape of its base or top. Begin with this view. Its other view will be a rectangle (If solid is Cylinder one of the prisms ): Its other view will be a Triangle (If solid is cone or one of the pyramids):   Draw FV & TV of that solid in standing position: Step 2: Considering solid's inclination (Axis position ) Draw its FV & TV. Step 3: In the last step, considering remaining inclinations, Draw its final FV & TV...

projections of Solids Examples Categories of illustrated problems   Problem no. 1,2,3,4            General cases of solid inclined to HP & VP Problem no. 5 & 6               Cases of cube & tetrahedron Problem no. 7                      Case of freely suspended solid with side view. Problem no. 8                      Case of Cube (with side view) Problem no. 9                      Case of true length inclination with HP & VP. Problem no. 10 & 11          Cases of composite solids. (Auxiliary plane) Problem no.  12                  Case of a frustum (auxiliary plane) 1 ] A square pyramid, 40 mm base sides, and axis 60 mm long, has a triangle face on the ground and the vertical plane containing the axis makes an angle of 45 º with the VP. Draw its projections. Take apex nearer to VP Solution steps: Triangular face on HP, means it is lying on HP: Assume it standing on HP. Its Tv will show the true shape of the base (Square) Draw square of 40 mm sides with...

APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES OF PROJECTIONS LINES IN SOLVING CASE OF DIFFERENT PRACTICAL SITUATIONS.   In these types of problems some situation in the filed   Or some object will be described. its relation with Ground (HP) And a wall or some vertical object (VP) will be given. Indirectly information regarding FV & TV of some line or lines, inclined to both reference planes will be given And you are supposed to draw its projections and further to determine its true length and its inclinations with the ground. Here various problems along with actual pictures of those situations are given for you to understand those clearly. Now looking for views in given ARROW directions, You are supposed to draw projections & find answers, of course, you must visualize the situation properly. *image is given to you in question. 1 ] Two objects, a flower (A) and an orange (B) are within a rectangular compound wall, whose P & Q are walls meeting at 90 º . Flower A is 1 M & 5.5 M from wal...

Cases Of Line In A.V.P And A.I.P & Profile Plane inclination of AIP with HP = inclination of FV with XY line   Line AB is in AIP as shown in above figure no 1. its FV  (a'b') is shown projected on Vp. (looking in the arrow direction)                                                                                                                                                                        Here one can see that the inclination of AIP with HP = inclination of FV with XY line inclination of AVP with VP = inclination of TV with XY line Line AB is in AVP as shown in above figure no  2... Its TV (a b ) is shown projected on Hp. (Looking in arrow direction ) Here one can clearly see that the inclination of AVP with VP = inclination of TV with XY line   LINE IN A PROFILE PLANE  ( MEANS IN A PLANE PERPENDICULAR TO BOTH HO & VP ) Results:- TV & FV both are vertical, hence arrive on one single projector. Its side View shows True Length ( TL ) Some of its inc...

Determine True Shape Of Plane Figure When Projections Are Given BY USING AUXILIARY PLANE METHOD... What will be the problem? Description of final FV & TV will be given. You are supposed to determine the true shape of that plane figure. Follow the below-given steps: Draw the given FV & TV as per the given information in the problem. Then among all lines of FV & TV select a line showing true length (T.L.) (Its other view must be || to XY) Draw x-y perpendicular to this line showing T.L. Project view on x-y (it must be a line view) Draw x-y || to this line view & project new on it. It will be the required answer i.e. True shape. The facts you must know: If you carefully study and observe the solutions of all previous problems, You will find If one view is a line view  & that too parallel to XY line, then and then its other view will show True shape: Now final views are always some shape, not line views, So applying the above method: We first...